Vol. VIII, No.1/2011

CONTENTS

POLITICAL SCIENCES REVISITED

IONAS AURELIAN RUS, The Dynamics of Civic Culture in Ex-Habsburg Italy and Elsewhere: Testing Putnam’s Theoretical Model…………..3

JOSEF KARL, Determining Factors for Romania’s Political Development: the Specific Form of Romanian Nationalism and its Impact on Modern Romania……33                                                                              

RĂZVAN VICTOR PANTELIMON, El Mismo Modelo – Dos Revoluciones Distintas………54

POLITICAL IMAGE, THEORY AND PHILOSOPHY

LHOUSSAIN SIMOUR, Under Moroccan Gaze: Dis / (Re) Orienting Orientalism American Style in Akbib’s Tangier’s Eyes On America………………………………………………………….65

ANA BAZAC, Gramsci et Mounier sur « La Guerre de Position »…………………………81

MONIQUE SELIM, Parades éthiques et marche……………………………………………..95

IN FOCUS

VIORELLA MANOLACHE, The Dynamics of the European Model regarding Creative Localism within Offensive Modernism (During the First Half of the 20^th Century)…………………………101

HENRIETA ANIŞOARA ŞERBAN, Liberalism and “Governance”………………………115

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

LUCIAN JORA, EU Development Policies between Theory and Practice. The Case of Human Resources Development Structural Funds Applied in Romania……………………………………….125

DIANA CUCOS, Irregular Migrants: Contemporary Legal Aspects of their Human Rights Protection…………………………………………………………………………………….135

CATRINA- ALEXANDRA CIORNEI, The European Dimension of Simion Bărnuţiu’s Work….144

SCIENTIFIC LIFE………………………………………………………………………………149

BOOK REVIEWS…………………………………………………………………………………157

REVIEW OF REVIEWS………………………………………………………………………162

THE AUTHORS………………………………………………………………………………..163                                                                                                                                                                           

REVIEW ROUMAINE DE SCIENCES POLITIQUES ET RELATIONS INTERNATIONALES

No.1/ 2011

SOMMAIRE

SCIENCE POLITIQUE SOUS ENQUETE

IONAS AURELIAN RUS, La dynamique de la culture civique à l’Ex-Habsbourg en Italie et ailleurs: modèle théorique Putnam

JOSEF KARL, Des facteurs déterminants pour le développement politique de la Roumanie: la forme spécifique de nationalisme roumain et son impact sur la Roumanie moderne

RĂZVAN VICTOR PANTELIMON, El Mismo Modelo – Dos Revoluciones Distintas

D’IMAGE POLITIQUE DE LA THEORIE ET DE LA PHILOSOPHIE

LHOUSSAIN SIMOUR, Sous marocaine Gaze: Dis / (Re) Style Orienter l’orientalisme américain à Tanger de Akbib les yeux sur l’Amérique

ANA BAZAC, Gramsci et Mounier sur « La Guerre de Position »

MONIQUE SELIM, Parades éthiques et marche

IN FOCUS

VIORELLA MANOLACHE, La dynamique du modèle européen au niveau du localisme créative (pendant le modernism offensif dans la première moitié du 20ème siècle)

HENRIETA ANIŞOARA ŞERBAN, Le libéralisme et la “gouvernance”

RELATIONS INTERNATIONALES

LUCIAN JORA, L’UE et les politiques de développement entre théorie et pratique. Le cas du développement des ressources humaines des Fonds structurels en Roumanie

DIANA CUCOS, Migrants irréguliers: Aspects juridiques contemporain de la protection des droits de l’homme

CATRINA- ALEXANDRA CIORNEI, La dimension européenne de l’oeuvre  de Simion Bărnuţiu

LA VIE SCIENTIFIQUE

COMPTES RENDUS

REVUE DES REVUES

AUTEURS 

POLITICAL SCIENCES REVISITED

THE DYNAMICS OF CIVIC CULTURE IN EX-HABSBURG ITALY AND                                         

ELSEWHERE: TESTING PUTNAM’S THEORETICAL MODEL                        

                                                                                                  IONAS AURELIAN RUS

Abstract. This article evaluates and tests Robert D. Putnam’s theory concerning the historical origins (and, more precisely, civic traditions, the independent variable) of civic culture (the dependent variable) as well as the main alternative perspective, which is a variation of modernization theory. In the first part of the article, I presented and evaluated the competing theories proposed by Putnam and Huntington in a broad context. The second part has actually tested the various theories. This has been accomplished through the use of data dealing with Italy, and, to a much lesser extent, with Romania.

Keywords. Civic Culture, Robert Putnam, Ex-Habsburg Italy, Samuel Huntington

DETERMINING FACTORS FOR ROMANIA’S POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT:

THE SPECIFIC FORM OF ROMANIAN NATIONALISM AND ITS IMPACT ON MODERN ROMANIA

                                                                                                       JOSEF KARL

Abstract. Against the background of the bloody Civil War waged in the name of nationalism in former Yugoslavia in the 1990s, it is important to know that the history of a nation and its nationalism per se have a vital and determining influence on the manner in which democratic development takes place during the post-communist era. Even though the phenomenon of nationalism has been of great importance ever since the 19^th century, the interpretation on the nature of nationalism has been quite contradictory. There is still no convincing explanation to the question why it exerts such an effective impact on people and hence on political processes.

Keywords. Nationalism, minorities, regime, modern Romania

EL MISMO MODELO – DOS REVOLUCIONES DISTINTAS 

RĂZVAN VICTOR PANTELIMON 

Abstract. This paper presents the Cuban Revolution and the Sandinista Revolution – two revolutions that follow the same pattern but with some important differences. No doubt that the Cuban Revolution and the direction in which policy has been adequate have had an enormous influence over many generations.

Keywords. Cuban Revolution, revolution pattern, Sandinista Revolution    

POLITICAL IMAGE, THEORY AND PHILOSOPHY

UNDER MOROCCAN GAZE: DIS / (RE)ORIENTING ORIENTALISM AMERICAN STYLE

IN AKBIB’S TANGIER’S EYES ON AMERICA

                                                                                                                        LHOUSSAIN SIMOUR

Abstract. This article engages with travel literature and is mostly concerned with the image of America in Abdellatif Akbib’s travel-inspired-narrative Tangier’s Eyes on America (2001). It is devoted to examine a number of patterns of representation especially as they pertain to the notion of counter discourse and counter hegemonic modalities of resistance and subversion. It also inspects the discursive mechanisms Akbib has deployed to represent the America and highlights how western cultural prejudices and stereotypes are destabilized and how the discursively-inflected distortions of the Orientalist mindset are disturbed in his work. The choice of this text is determined by a strong desire to discover how the Other of the Orientalist ideology examines and understands the Western Self and modernity and how he/she dismantles “the Centre/Margin binarism of imperial discourse”.

Keywords. Orientalism-American style; Postcolonial theory; counter-discourse; Self and Other

GRAMSCI ET MOUNIER SUR « LA GUERRE DE POSITION »

ANA BAZAC

Abstract. The study has three parts. The first one presents Mounier’s personalism as confrontation with the most influential philosophy of the time – the philosophy of Marx. Capitalizing on the Marxist method, Mounier designed the personalist revolution as a “war of positions” to edify a humane capitalist society. Thus, he refused the “war of movement”. This part is followed by an addenda assessing personalism as a basic current for the very first work of modern Romanian philosophy. The second part approaches Gramscian humanism where the “war of position” is intrinsically linked with the “war of movement”. The third part, characterizes personalism, emphasizes the limits of the “personalist revolution” underlining the importance of the theme captured in the following study in order to analyze society nowadays.

Keywords: personalism, Mournier, Marxist method, Gramscian humanism

PARADES ETHIQUES ET MARCHE

MONIQUE SELIM

Abstract. This essay approaches ethics, establishing that it has recently acquired a central position, reiterating its influence in all areas: social, economic, political, national and/or international. The few examples selected from many others in the field of economic, political and biological show that ethics is built in the governance of transcendental premise of capitalism. Ethics and its interpretation in the media becomes one of the most visible ideological consequences of globalization.

Keywords. economic ethics, political ethics, biological ethics, ONG’s ethics, ethics hegemony

IN FOCUS

(“These works were supported by the strategic grant POSDRU/89/1.5/S/64162, Project “Europaeus program postdoctoral”, cofinanced by the European Social Found within the Sectorial Operational Program Human Resources Development 2007 – 2013”)

THE DYNAMICS OF THE EUROPEAN MODEL REGARDING CREATIVE LOCALISM WITHIN OFFENSIVE MODERNISM (DURING THE FIRST HALF OF THE 20^th CENTURY)

                                                                                                VIORELLA MANOLACHE

Abstract. Approaching the antagonism of Mitteleuropa’s models in its provincial – marginal aspect, we will prove its capacity to engage itself into a political-historical and side effect reaction, undertaken as traditionalisms, encompassing a so-called external / offensive modernism, characteristic of the 30s and of the 20^th century protochronism.Avoiding the obstructions of the provincial complexes (since it is common knowledge that the ’40s have brought an obvious national stagnation within traditional late models in all sorts of outdated and primitive formulas), this study aims at drafting a summary of attempts to (re)settle the strong perspective (communitarian) and decentralization, marginal and fragmentary (societal), a bifurcation marked by both modern divisions and the moderate reaction of ethnic traditionalism. The creative localism was and remains a term which is fuelled imagistically, geopolitically, materially and spiritually by some specific (national and local) brands, involved into a dynamic European model – one which is difficult to synchronize, even at a mimetic level – of a certain type of European synthesis and transparent saeculum. The local culture reactivates a laboratorium europaeus within the frame of Romanian modernity, understood as a process dominated by clash between the traditional and bourgeoisie sets of values, a process fuelled by the collision between a new tradition and its relics.

Keywords. Offensive Modernity / Modernism, Synchronization, Europeanization, Creative Localism

LIBERALISM AND “GOVERNANCE”

                HENRIETA ANIŞOARA ŞERBAN

Abstract. The paper inscribes into the perspective of the history of ideas the correlation among freedom as the power of voluntary choice, liberalism, liberal government and governance. From this perspective, the argument captures the present day relevance of these considerations in relation to the interest for the notion of “governance”. Thus, a liberal polity is legitimated through the limitations of the liberal government, imposed by the very individual freedom that it recognizes. Within this context, freedom can be accomplished and actualized through the active participation of the citizens.

Keywords: freedom, power of voluntary choice, creation, liberalism, liberal government, governance

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

EU DEVELOPMENT POLICIES BETWEEN THEORY AND PRACTICE.

THE CASE OF HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT STRUCTURAL FUNDS APPLIED IN ROMANIA

LUCIAN JORA

Abstract. The EU has attempt a goal of “reducing economic and social disparities.” Like Singapore, the EU saw it important to develop human resources because the EU is moving towards knowledge based economy. This paper is an attempted to explain the framework of EU Assistance for Development projects in Central and Eastern Europe, and the variances between how aid is intended to be disbursed and the difficulties it faced during implementation, mirroring the difference between the drafted theory and the real practice. Most of the considerations are the result of author’s direct personal experience as a Project Evaluator for the Romanian government.

Key words. EU Assistance for Development projects, drafted theory, real practice, Romanian government.

IRREGULAR MIGRANTS: CONTEMPORARY LEGAL ASPECTS OF THEIR HUMAN RIGHTS PROTECTION

                                                                    DIANA CUCOS

Abstract. This article elaborates on contemporary aspects of human rights protection of irregular migrants, focusing on universal and regional human rights instruments in general and on the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families in particular, with the view to contributing to a better understanding of contemporary problems and challenges that face migrants vis-à-vis their human rights protection.Migrants represent a particularly vulnerable segment of the population and too many of them endure human rights violations, discrimination and exploitation. The situation is even more acute for irregular migrants who are “invisible” on the international human rights agenda. Their “invisibility” means that very often they are not able to report such abuses. Unlike refugees who enjoy the protection of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, no single international organization has a similar mandate to address human rights violations of migrants.

Keywords: migration, irregular migrants, Human Rights, Human Rights instruments, the Migrant Worker`s Convention, principle of non discrimination.

THE EUROPEAN DIMENSION OF SIMION BĂRNUŢIU’S WORK

CATRINA- ALEXANDRA CIORNEI

Abstract: Simion Bărnuţiu is considered the first professor to lecture in the Romanian  language academical courses on philosophical topics. The book is a veritable philosophical periplus, belonging to a road-opener. Simion Bărnuţiu chooses  the influences, proving himself permeable to models but not enslaved to them.

Keywords: Philosophy, Enlightenment, lecture, modernity, Ethics

 POLITICAL IMAGE, THEORY AND PHILOSOPHY

Carmen Burcea, L’immagine della Romania sulla stampa del Ventennio (II)

Jaouad El Habbouch, Celebrating the Populist and Caricaturing the Official 

Layachi El Habbouch, Beyond Western Humanism: History Materialised, Resistance Relocated, and the Alternative Translated

 Sarroukh Abdenbi, Conversation in Modern Social and Political Theory

Vanja Savic, Dialectic of Enlightenment at the Crossroads between Modernism and Postmodernism

 Viorella Manolache, Modern versus Postmodern: Romania and the East-West Rhetoric

 POLITICAL SCIENCE REVISITED

 Antoine Heemeryck, Légitimation Philanthropique du Capitalisme Postcommuniste en Roumanie

 Lucian Jora, Cultural Diplomacy Today- New Steps Towards a Research Agenda

 Josef Karl, Political Object or Subject? The DFDR and its Relationship to the Romanian State

 Henrieta Anişoara Şerban, The Rhetoric of „Good Governance” and the Importance of Transparency – Their Present Interest 

 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

 Irina Stoica, EU, UN and Swedish Environmental Leadership

Laura Bădescu, Portugal between the Political and Literary Discourse

 Željko Mirkov, Impact of Global Crisis on The Republic of Serbia

SCIENTIFIC LIFE

REVIEW OF REVIEWS

BOOK REVIEWS

 THE AUTHORS

SOMMAIRE

 D’ IMAGE POLITIQUE, DE LA THEORIE ET DE LA PHILOSOPHIE

Carmen Burcea, L’immagine della Romania sulla stampa del Ventennio

Jaouad El Habbouch, Célébrer le populiste et caricaturant les officiels

Layachi El Habbouch, Au-delà de l’humanisme occidental: histoire matérialisée, résistance relocalisée et l’alternative en traduction

Sarroukh Abdenbi, Conversation en théorie sociale et politique moderne

Vanja Savic, Dialectique des Lumières à la croisée des chemins entre le modernisme et le postmodernisme

Viorella Manolache, Moderne vs. postmoderne: la Roumanie et de la rhétorique Est-Ouest

SCIENCE POLITIQUE SOUS ENQUÊTE

Antoine Heemeryck, Légitimation Philanthropique du Capitalisme Postcommuniste en Roumanie

 Lucian Jora, Aujourd’hui, la diplomatie culturelle-nouvelles étapes vers un agenda de recherché

 Josef Karl, Objet politique ou le sujet? Le DFDR et ses liens avec l’Etat roumain

Henrieta Anişoara Şerban, La rhétorique de la «bonne gouvernance» et l’importance de la transparence – de leur intérêt actuel

RELATIONS INTERNATIONALES

Irina Stoica, UE, ONU et suédois et la gestion politique des problemes de l’environnement

Laura Bădescu, Le Portugal entre le discours politique et littéraire

Željko Mirkov, L’Impact de la crise mondiale sur la République de Serbie

VIE SCIENTIFIQUE

 REVUE DE REUVES

 COMPTES RENDUS

AUTEURS

POLITICAL IMAGE, THEORY AND PHILOSOPHY

 L’IMMAGINE DELLA ROMANIA SULLA STAMPA DEL VENTENNIO

( II )

CARMEN BURCEA

Abstract. This study investigates the aspects related to the image of Romania in the Italian press during 1922-1943. Published in two consecutive issues, the purpose of the study is to answer to several questions: Who writes about Romania? Which is the typology of the publications where we find information on Romania? Which are the ascendant/descendent curves of the Italian interest for Romania? Which are the recurrent themes of the articles that have as thematic Romania? How does the Direction for the Foreign Press within the National Propaganda Ministry function as “image laboratory”?

Key words : image, press, diplomacy, Romania, Italy

CELEBRATING THE POPULIST AND CARICATURING THE OFFICIAL

   JAOUAD EL HABBOUCH

Abstract. Michael Moore’s visual document-Fahrenheit 9/11- is not only a statement that flouts from within the United States suppression of individual liberties but also a statement through which Moore seeks to undo the very premises upon which the U.S. bombing of Afghanistan and invasion of Iraq were based. His populist view has the power to countermand the “good” versus “evil” binary system of representation upon which the United States discourse on terror typically relies to legitimate its practice. Michael Moore’s 2004 film Fahrenheit 9/11 is a visual and narrative tour de force that critiques everything from the controversial conditions under which George W. Bush assumed the US presidency to President Bush’s handling of his so-called war on terror.

Key words: Michael Moore, Fahrenheit 9/11, “good” vs. “evil”, discourse on terror

BEYOND WESTERN HUMANISM: HISTORY MATERIALISED,RESISTANCE RELOCATED AND THE ALTERNATIVE TRANSLATED

    LAYACHI EL HABBOUCH

 Abstract: The various uses of the notion of history within the scope of western humanism have diverged along the lines of common sense documentation, scientific description, narrative representation and discursive manipulation. While history is viewed by the common sense approach as a set of hard-and-fast facts, which are authorised by the transparency of historical documents themselves, it takes on the configuration of an objective discipline, with the surge of instrumental rationalism characteristic of the Enlightenment, that is thought to be able of formulating historical truths through the efficient use of a scientific method that guarantees their validity, authenticity and reliability. This is why it has become urgent to focus on the  textual circulation of the cultural other in discursive  situations of cultural encounters with the west, the cultural other  as an agent of representation whereby alternative discourses of difference to Orientalism can be discovered, negotiated and interrogated beyond the power hierarchies of Occidentalism as an instance of countrdiscourse.

          Key words: Common sense, postcolonial, Enlightenment, Renaissance, Occidentalism, cultural other.

CONVERSATION IN MODERN SOCIAL AND POLITICAL THEORY

 SARROUKH ABDENBI

                                                             “For to be free and to act are the same.”   Hannah Arendt

Abstract. Jürgen Habermas, Richard Rorty and Hannah Arendt developed challenging ideas about conversation in modern social and political theories.   Habermas’s shift of concern is clear from hermeneutical theory at first, to rationality, following in the lead of enlightenment claim to a universal reason and principles, is aimed to support his arguments for the dignity and the right of man through communicative and conversational activity. Rorty’s radical pragmatism and relativism led him to attack any universal principle whether it calls itself reason or truth or principle. In What is Freedom? Hannah Arendt’s argument is in line with the idea of conversation in the above sense, but different in that her approach to it is genealogical.

Key words: Jürgen Habermas,  Richard Rorty, Hannah Arendt, social and political theory

DIALECTIC OF ENLIGHTENMENT AT THE CROSSROADS BETWEEN MODERNISM AND POSTMODERNISM

 VANJA SAVIC

Abstract. The purpose of this essay is to examine the major text of early critical theory, and critical theory in general, namely Max Horkheimer and Theodor W. Adorno’s Dialectic of Enlightenment (1973) and its relative affinity to postulates of modernism i.e. postmodernism in social sciences respectively. To do that, this essay will focus on the (related) categories of rationality (Reason) and the human subject (the Self) as they have been expounded in Dialectic of Enlightenment and in modernist/postmodernist paradigms (Barry 2002, Eagleton 1986, Sarup 1993, Waugh 1992). The attempt to establish points of convergence i.e. divergence from the postulations of these two paradigms will show that the text of Dialectic of the Enlightenment is situated at the very crossroads between modernism and postmodernism.

Key words: Dialectic of Enlightenment, Enlightenment Self, Enlightenment Rationality

MODERN VERSUS POSTMODERN:

ROMANIA AND THE EAST-WEST RHETORIC

      VIORELLA MANOLACHE

Abstract. This study approaches that, from a postmodern point of view, history sheds skins and regenerates so that it can recommend itself to the general public as (historio)graphy; as (un)conscience vindicates itself as the subject of creativity and life. The benefice for this exuviating action on history is represented by the threaded stylistic unity, between interior and exterior, the transparent profile of a double there – under which traces are crammed (as in a hypermarket of history), crowd in strategies without objectives, undeterminable. Briefly, a code of the simulacra is installed – with terms, notions, concepts – offered as treatment, supplement, existential brand, and panacea. The physiognomy of the new Eastern reality from the vernacular area related to the period after December 1989, “virused” by postmodernity (even if, apparently, it absorbs as well some well preserved traditional elements), remains a relatively new construct, that corresponds to different realities, as a consequence of the ideological, technological, social, psychological, esthetic, philosophical, etc. mutations, after our – de facto! – Integration in the intellectual and economic West European community.

Key words: Modern vs. postmodern, East - West rhetoric, post-totalitarianism, geographical limits, traditionalism vs. Europeanism, centre vs. periphery

POLITICAL SCIENCE REVISITED

 LÉGITIMATION PHILANTHROPIQUE DU CAPITALISME POSTCOMMUNISTE EN ROUMANIE

 ANTOINE HEEMERYCK

« Voler en grand et restituer en petit, c’est la philanthropie. »

LAFARGUE P., 1887.

Abstract. This article tries to shed lights the role of the philanthropic foundation in the process of moral legitimization of the business class in Romania. In this aim, I analyse two contrasted examples of entrepreneur: on the one hand, a businessman from the establishment and on the other hand an outsider.

Key words. Romania, businessmen, philanthropy, moral legitimization

CULTURAL DIPLOMACY TODAY- NEW STEPS TOWARDS A RESEARCH AGENDA

 LUCIAN JORA

Abstract. This study launches and responses to the following questions: What distinguishes Cultural Diplomacy form Propaganda and what would be the demarcation line which separates them? When Cultural Diplomacy degenerates in Propaganda and with which effects? What is the new environment and variables which impose today a new approach towards cultural representation? How can we measure the effectiveness of Cultural Diplomacy?

Key words. Public Diplomacy, Cultural Diplomacy, Lobbyism, International Relations

POLITICAL OBJECT OR SUBJECT? THE DFDR AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THE ROMANIAN STATE

 JOSEF KARL

 Abstract. Taking into account the development of the relationship between the DFDR and the Romanian state it becomes obvious that the aim of the founders to develop the DFDR into a sovereign voice of the Germans in Romania towards the German and Romanian governments was only partly fulfilled with regards to Bucharest. Although the DFDR was the government’s exclusive partner with reference to its citizens of German nationality, this did not provide only advantages for the Germans.

The DFDR and the remaining Germans have mainly remained to be a political object of others in many political aspects and that they could not consistently develop sufficient means to show independent profile to become a political subject.

Key words: Political Object, Political Subject, DFDR, minority organization

THE RHETORIC OF „GOOD GOVERNANCE” AND THE IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPARENCY – THEIR PRESENT INTEREST

 HENRIETA ANIŞOARA ŞERBAN

Abstract. This text concisely maps the main co-ordinates and directions of analysis for the investigation of the concept of „good governance”, underlining the present interest for the concept. Starting from the definition and the principles of good governance the author emphasizes the important role of the (forgotten?) principle of tranparency. Without transparency (and accountability), the ideal of „good governance” remains closer to a rhetorical exercise and farther from the path of „good governance” relevant for democratization. The role of media in maintaining transparency is emphasized in the article, too.

Key words: good governance, openness, participation, accountability, effectiveness, coherence, transparency, democratization

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

EU, UN AND SWEDISH ENVIRONMENTAL LEADERSHIP

 IRINA STOICA

Abstract. The Swedish contribution to the environmental issue-building in the UN framework and then the EU represents a unique case of issue formulation in international agenda-setting and coalition-building by a nation state around a precise matter of contention the overuse of ecological resources emerging onto the international agenda at the beginning of the 1970s. The factors which allow Sweden to act as a successful actor on the EU environmental stage, employing normative persuasion, also predispose Sweden to favorably act on the world stage. Sweden’s interests, of course, serve to link the role of power and the role of ideas together in a catalytic symbiosis of normative influence. For it is the content of these ideas, which represent Swedish interests – those interests deemed salient by the national public and expedient by political actors – which are then sold to other political actors – this time international – in a process that empowers Sweden.

Key words: EU and UN framework, EU environmental stage, environment coalition building, national private interest aggregation, specific policies, Sweden

PORTUGAL

BETWEEN THE POLITICAL AND LITERARY DISCOURSE

LAURA BĂDESCU

Abstract: Romanian diplomacy has been represented in Portugal by great cultural personalities: Lucian Blaga end Mircea Eliade. Obviously enough, the political discourses of these cultural personalities have a pragmatic grammar obeying to diplomatic reasons which pertain to the moment when they were uttered. We shall consider the speeches belonging to each personality mentioned above, analysing their rhetoric, pointing out and contextualising the cultural, esthetic and mentality codes.

At the same time, we shall be interested in each particular literary speech, in an attempt to indicate to what extent is achieved the rhetorical transfer from their own work, which is not subjected to politics, towards the diplomatic speech. We believe this is the exact direction of transfer – from the creative vocation towards the diplomatic one, all the more because each of them, when being appointed ambassador, already belonged to Romanian intellectual elite.

Key words: diplomat writers, diplomatic discourse, diplomatic/ private correspondence, rhetorical figures

IMPACT OF GLOBAL CRISIS ON THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA

 ŽELJKO MIRKOV

Abstract. This practical article approaches the impact of global crisis on the Republic of Serbia, having as a conclusion the fact the it is expected that in the upcoming period of the global financial and economic crisis will have more spillover effects on the Serbia economy. The announced privatization of the large state owned companies probably will not be realized this year because of low costs that they can achieve in market. Serbia biggest problem and macroeconomic risk is the already mentioned balance of payment which is in huge deficit. Global crisis was not the best time for liberalizing imports from EU, but Serbia showed a clear signal that is fully committed to become an EU member.

Key words: global financial and economic crisis, macroeconomic risk, framework of measures.

1/2010

CONTENTS

IN FOCUS:

CONSTITUTIONAL POLITICAL THOUGHT

Ion Bulei, Romanian Modern Constitutionalism 

Aristide Cioabă, Does the Presidentialization of the Constitutional Regime Concur to the Democratic Consolidation in Romania?

Constantin Nica, The Political – Juridical Prospective of the Romanian Constitution on the Fundamental Institutions of the Power

Gabriela Tănăsescu, Considerations on the Romania’s Semi-Presidentialism

Cecilia Tohăneanu, Reading the Constitution: An Entanglement and still Arguable Question

POLITICAL IMAGE, THEORY AND PHILOSOPHY

Jaouad El Habbouch, The Power of Nightmares: The Rise of the Politics of Fear 

Carmen Burcea, L’immagine della Romania sulla stampa del Ventennio

Marina Vraciu, Of Prophets and Philosophers

Henrieta  Anişoara Şerban, The Reforming Ideologies as Paradigm and Political Stake

Lut Lams, Reconnecting Theories of Language Pragmatics and Critiques on Logocentric  Methodological Approaches to Media Discourse Analysis

POLITICAL SCIENCE REVISITED

Antoine Heemeryck, Pratiques et ideologies des organisations non-gouvernementales: une problematisation generale et comparative

Viorella Manolache, The Liberal Project from the First Modernism to its Contemporary Europeanization                                                                                           

Vanja Savic, Rhetorical Action and Appropriation of the Grundnorm of Human Rights by actors in the domestic context of Serbia

Florin Diaconu, Afghanistan: Why Western Intervention could end in a Disastrous Military and Political Failure

SCIENTIFIC LIFE

REVIEW OF REVIEWS

BOOK REVIEWS

 THE AUTHORS

SOMMAIRE

EN ATTENTION:

PENSÉE CONSTITUTIONNEL POLITIQUE 

Ion Bulei, Le constitutionnalisme moderne roumain

Aristide Cioabă, Est-ce que la présidentialisation du régime constitutionnel mene à la consolidation démocratique en Roumanie?

Constantin Nica, La politique – prospective juridique de la Constitution roumaine sur les institutions fondamentales de la puissance

Gabriela Tănăsescu, Considérations sur le semi-présidentialisme de la Roumanie

Cecilia Tohăneanu, La lecture de la Constitution: un enchevêtrement et encore défendable question

D’ IMAGE POLITIQUE, DE LA THEORIE ET DE LA PHILOSOPHIE

Jaouad El Habbouch, La pouvoir du cauchemar:  la politique de la peur se leve

Carmen Burcea, L’immagine della Romania sulla stampa del Ventennio

Marina Vraciu, Des prophètes et des philosophes

Henrieta Anişoara Şerban, Des les idéologies de la réforme comme paradigme et mise politique

Lut Lams, De la reconnexion de théories de langage  pragmatique et les critiques sur  les Approches logocentrique méthodologiques dans l’analyse du discours aux medias

SCIENCE POLITIQUE SOUS ENQUÊTE

Antoine Heemeryck, Pratiques et ideologies des organisations non-gouvernementales: une problematisation generale et comparative

Viorella Manolache, Le projet libéral du modernisme d’abord à son européanisation contemporain

 Vanja Savic, L’Action rhétorique et d’appropriation de la norme fondamentale de droits de l’homme par des acteurs dans le contexte national de la Serbie

 Florin Diaconu, Afghanistan: pourquoi l’intervention de l’Ouest pourrait se terminer par un échec désastreux militaire et politique

 VIE SCIENTIFIQUE

 REVUE DE REUVES

 COMPTES RENDUS

AUTEURS

                                                            ABSTRACTS

IN FOCUS:

CONSTITUTIONAL POLITICAL THOUGHT

 CONFERENCE ORGANIZED BY THE INSTITUTE OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND THE FACULTY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE, SPIRU HARET UNIVERSITY, MAY 2009

ROMANIAN MODERN CONSTITUTIONALISM

                                                                                                ION BULEI

 Abstract. Conceived as an introductory word to the debate on constitutional political thinking in Romania, this conference examines step-by-step the constitutional texts of the Romanian modernity, it highlights the major Western influences and concludes that, in spite of their liberal and democratic character, they could not accomplish entirely the modernization of the Romanian society.

Keywords: constitutionalism, modernization, liberalism, democratization

DOES THE PRESIDENTIALIZATION OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL REGIME CONCUR TO THE DEMOCRATIC CONSOLIDATION IN ROMANIA?

 ARISTIDE CIOABĂ

                        Abstract. Among the solutions suggested by the Romanian president on the possible revision of the current Constitution, there is also the presidentialization of the constitutional regime. By this term I define any increase in the executive and decisional powers of the President, in addition to these already existing, and I argue that presidentialization is rather a risk than a strengthening factor for democratization in Romania, given both the incipient stage of this process and the inertial effects of the former totalitarian regime, which continues to be felt in some parts of the institutional political system. My arguments are based on the neo-institutionalism approaches concerning the different results that the same institutional set can produce in cultural and societal particular contexts, especially in the case of transferring an institutional system with strong endogenous character in a “particular” social-political environment without strong democratic and liberal traditions. The characteristics of the former totalitarian regime and the very logic of path dependency in which entered the noncommunist forces that opted in 1991 for the current constitutional design, apparently semi-presidential, require an effort to exit the authoritarian logic; the very guarantee the continuation of the democratic consolidation process. The presidentialization can cause the ossification of the Romanian democracy.

            Keywords: democratic systems, presidentialism, democratic consolidation, neo-institutionalism, delegative democracy.

THE POLITICAL – JURIDICAL PROSPECTIVE OF THE ROMANIAN CONSTITUTION

ON THE FUNDAMENTAL INSTITUTIONS OF THE POWER

 CONSTANTIN NICA

Abstract. The main thesis of this conference argues that the Romanian Constitution of 1991 outlined a self-standing formula of theory and practice of political power in the new Romanian democracy. The author considers that the Romania’s democratic parliamentary-representative political system is a summary of general principles, rights, duties and fundamental liberties, and functioning principles of public authorities in the Constitution of Romania.

Keywords: Constitution, democracy, political power, separation of powers, representative government, balance of powers, social powers.

CONSIDERATIONS ON THE ROMANIA’S SEMI-PRESIDENTIALISM

 GABRIELA TĂNĂSESCU

Abstract. These considerations are a contra argument to the position sustaining “the state crisis” which would require amendments to the Romania’s Constitution regarding the presidential powers. The author considers that in Romania’s case the attempt of “constitutional engineering” which would improve the Constitution would require not to increase the presidential powers, following the model of French semi-presidentialism, but to elucidate and materialize in legal form the presidential office of “mediation” among the powers of state, and between the state and the society, as well as the function of “supervisory” the observance of the Constitution and the proper functioning of public authorities, possibly even their reconfiguration within the Executive. The study indicates some reasons due to which the presidentialization of the Romanian political regime was undesirable in the early ’90s and those of its undesirability today.

Keywords: presidential prerogatives in Romania’s Constitution, semi-presidentialism, French model of semi-presidentialism, parliamentarianism, weak semi-presidentialism.

READING THE CONSTITUTION: AN ENTANGLEMENT AND STILL ARGUABLE QUESTION

       CECILIA TOHĂNEANU

Abstract. Analyzing the constitutionality of a law is a process of constitutional interpretation which does not limit itself to comparing two texts in order to see whether they are concordant or not. The nature of constitutional interpretation is the subject of this article, a subject that is dealt with from the perspective of the dispute between originalism and non-originalism (interpretivism) prevalent within the contemporary philosophy of law, especially the American one.The article offers a synthetic view on some of the most controversial issues pertaining to the theory and methodology of contemporary constitutional interpretation, such as: whether the interpretation of the Constitution is guided by the founders’ intentions or by the text’s own words; whether the meaning of the Constitution is determined by the intentions, aims or values of the founders’ generation or by those of the contemporary generation? What are the grounds that justify the authority of the constitutional text, in other words, does this authority derive from its constraining capacity or from its ability to bestow democratic legitimacy? Constitutional interpretation must concentrate on the text or on the interpreter? Do the judges discover or build the constitutional meaning? In other words, is it the past or the present that guides the interpretation? Is the original interpretation the legitimate one or are legitimate the later interpretations of the constitutional text?

Keywords: Originalism, non-originalism, constitutional meaning, constitutional interpretation, interpretivism

POLITICAL IMAGE, THEORY AND PHILOSOPHY

 THE POWER OF NIGHTMARES: THE RISE OF THE POLITICS OF FEAR

                JAOUAD EL HABBOUCH

Abstract. In his documentary film- The Power of Nightmares: The Rise of the Politics of Fear-Adam Curtis explains that the root causes of contemporary conflicts lie in the failure of two groups to “build a better world”: the American neo-conservatives, whose chief theorist is the political philosopher Leo Strauss, and the radical Islamists, whose source of inspiration is Sayyed Qutb.The politics of fear was charismatically invested for profit, influence, control and hegemony. Belief in the virtue of Western democratic ideals- free market, human rights, limited government, individualism, the rule of law- as well as the necessity to implement them abroad turned out to be no more than an ideological trick to veil the imposition of a ruthless form of imperial endeavor that assumes Western ideals to be the only acceptable paradigm.

Keywords: contemporary conflicts, the politics of fear, The Power of Nightmares, political “good” and “evil”

L’IMMAGINE DELLA ROMANIA SULLA STAMPA DEL VENTENNIO

( I )

CARMEN BURCEA

Abstract. This study investigates the aspects related to the image of Romania in the Italian press during 1922-1943. Published in two consecutive issues, the purpose of the study is to answer to several questions: Who writes about Romania? Which is the typology of the publications where we find information on Romania? Which are the ascendant/descendent curves of the Italian interest for Romania? Which are the recurrent themes of the articles that have as thematic Romania? How does the Direction for the Foreign Press within the National Propaganda Ministry function as “image laboratory”?

 Keywords : image, press, diplomacy, Romania, Italy

OF PROPHETS AND PHILOSOPHERS

MARINA VRACIU

Abstract. No matter how excessive prophetic fantasy may appear at its best, it represents reality, for the prophets’ intellect has been deemed worthy of ‘illumination’. In Maimonides’ philosophy, the goal of human life is equivalent to the attainment of a fully developed intellect. The salvation-producing act is the actualization of intellect through metaphysical scientific study. Maimonides might have wanted to imply that this is the only joy-bringing activity reserved to the human being, living rather at the foot of the mountain which Moses ascended. This might also point, as Gruenwald suggests, to the philosopher’s quest beyond prophecy.

Keywords: Maimonides, philosophical discourse, metaphysical system, prophets, beyond prophecy

THE REFORMING IDEOLOGIES AS PARADIGM AND POLITICAL STAKE

 HENRIETA ANIŞOARA ŞERBAN

Abstract. Political philosophy continuously floods the personal and political ideologies, the scientific and epistemological ideologies, within the same limits of the discourse, concerning the new personal and group identities, approaching the topic „us and society,” but also „us within society,” to a more or less similar extent. Reforming ideologies are new sources of political identity, inciting to new language games and new identities. Nowadays, political identity represents an ethical stake, more than a mere message, while the discourse is the image, the „weapon,” the source and, at the same time, the dignifying foundation of the self. The reforming ideologies represent a contemporary phenomenon, possibly to unfold into a project. The interest for these reforming ideologies is indebted to the potential of democratic deepening and renewal, the starting point for the present volume, too. I consider as reforming ideologies the ironist liberalism of Richard Rorty, feminism, ecologism, discourse theory of Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe, neohumanism, which I interpret around the discussion regarding post-subjectivity, in relation with the ideas sustained by Calvin O. Schrag and others, as well as neoanarchism capitalized by Simon Critchley. They are reforming ideologies with a particular status in relation to the specifications of the specialized literature concerning the traditional ideologies, because – as I emphasized in the phrasing „reforming ideologies”  – they are closely „fed” by a contemporary political philosophy commenting upon the reforming of the democratic and liberal contemporary societies and because they do not entertain among their aims, first of all, the conquering of the political power as traditional ideologies do.

 Keywords: ideology, reform, ironist liberalism, feminism, ecologism, discourse theory, neohumanism, neoanarchism, democratic culture, Richard Rorty, Ernesto Laclau, Chantal Mouffe,  Calvin O. Schrag, Simon Critchley, Carole Pateman, Anne Phillips, Mihaela Miroiu

RECONNECTING THEORIES OF LANGUAGE PRAGMATICS AND CRITIQUES ON LOGOCENTRIC  METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO MEDIA DISCOURSE ANALYSIS

 LUT LAMS

Abstract.  Amidst the wealth of literature on text and discourse analysis it has become rather difficult to see the forest for the trees. This article attempts to reconnect concerns raised in journalism studies about the perceived logocentric approach to media discourse analysis by some critical discourse analysts with similar criticism originating in the field of Linguistic Pragmatics. At the same time it fulfills a pedagogical function in answering concrete requests from colleagues and students to propose a methodological framework for examining ideology in media discourse. While the paper argues against employing ready-made ‘models’ for text analysis, it proposes a methodological framework  listing a number of ideologically invested discursive strategies operating at several levels of structural adaptability. Given the major role of contextual factors on the synchronic and diachronic axes as well as on the production and reception side in meaning generation processes, the article argues for an issue-oriented, multidisciplinary and collaborative approach to discourse analysis.

Keywords: ideology, language pragmatics, critical discourse analysis, media discourse, discursive strategies, contextualization, methodological framework

POLITICAL SCIENCE REVISITED

PRATIQUES ET IDEOLOGIES DES ORGANISATIONS NON-GOUVERNEMENTALES :

UNE PROBLEMATISATION GENERALE ET COMPARATIVE

ANTOINE HEEMERYCK

Abstract. This contribution seeks to problematize the question of the evolution of NGOs as privileged development, focusing on the evolution of the ideological field and in particular on  the transition to Worldism humanitarian. By mobilizing different examples for purposes of comparison, the alignment of NGOs on challenges and global issues are discussed. In this way, the study shows that very few NGOs are independent in their program, they cannot be separated from economic and political sectors.

Keywords: NGO, global issues and challenges, economic and political sectors.

THE LIBERAL PROJECT

FROM THE FIRST MODERNISM TO ITS CONTEMPORARY EUROPEANIZATION

                                                                                    VIORELLA MANOLACHE

Abstract. According to John Rawls, the stable democratic social order can relatively be amended (and) from a deeply liberal perspective. In Rawls’s view, political liberalism may be subordinate to a general question: how can a right and stable society of free and equal citizens to live in a society divided by doctrine “reasonable”, but “incompatible”? It is well known that participatory democracy is a classical form by which sub-centers (even isolated individuals) are associated and intervene whenever power acts contrary the public interest. This is recognized (also in the Romanian political sphere) in a civic and political engagement found in invariant invoice liberal policies, which have as main objective: to ensure equal opportunities for all citizens assert, the creation of a normal functioning of social justice, promoting items such as to generate prosperity at local, regional, national, international human rights and citizen ; removing inequality and discrimination, encouraging the competition, prevent monopolistic tendencies, the establishment of a climate of peace and security throughout the world. As noted in the majority of political parties, this remains the supreme law of the liberal difference.

Keywords: elites, anti-elites, first and second modernism, Eastern Europe vs. Western Europe

RHETORICAL ACTION AND APPROPRIATION OF THE GRUNDNORM OF HUMAN RIGHTS BY ACTORS IN THE DOMESTIC CONTEXT OF SERBIA

 VANJA SAVIC

 Abstract. This article will try to throw the light on an instance of the contentious use of human rights discourse in connection with the police crack-down on organized crime in Serbia during the state of emergency introduced after the assassination of Serbian Prime Minister Zoran Djindjic on March 12, 2003. Using concepts and theoretical insights from the study of norms in international relations, the essay argues that levelling accusations against the then incumbent Serbian government for gross human rights violations by their political opponents worked as a strategic argument that was meant to delegitimize the government’s position. The use of this norm-based strategic argument by a political group in Serbia represents an instance of the rhetorical action (Schimmelfennig, Risse) and partly illustrates the concept of the rhetorical entrapment, but can also be understood in terms of the process of socialization of norms (Schimmelfennig, Risse, Finnemore and Sikkink), and norm transfer and norm collision (Wiener) in domestic appropriation of the fundamental norm (Grundnorm) of human rights.

Keywords: norms, speech acts, rhetorical action and rhetorical entrapment.

AFGHANISTAN: WHY WESTERN INTERVENTION COULD END IN A DISASTRUOUS MILITARY AND POLITICAL FAILURE

 FLORIN DIACONU

 Abstract: The study starts by clearly stating that the early stages of the present war in Afghanistan were a significant success of USA. Anyhow, at this very moment, almost a decade after the moment when Western military intervention against the Talibans and against al Qaeda started, the NATO-led presence is facing an increasing number of problems: increasing costs; large number of collateral damage and civilian casualties; very weak and notoriously corrupt Afghan state institutions, not able to properly manage national territory; increasing military pressure generated by both Taliban and al Qaeda offensive operations, targeting larger and larger regions; lack of strong and homogenous political will of NATO member countries. The synergetic consequences of all these could be, in the worst case scenario, a really disastrous failure of the attempt of the Western powers (NATO) to pacify and stabilize Afghanistan.

Keywords: Afghanistan, Australia, Canada, civilian casualties, effectiveness, Germany, Great Britain, Iran, national power (and its elements), NATO, al Qaeda, resources, strategy, the Talibans, USA, war

No1/2008

POLITICAL CULTURE, ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE

COMPORTAMENTO ASSOCIATIVO IN UN CAMPIONE DI DONNE DI CONDIZIONE ECONOMICA PRECARIA

                                                                                                            MARTA GIL LACRUZ

Abstract. Surprisingly, studying welfare one can infer interesting aspects concerning participation and the associative behavior. Participation via democratization could be considered as an important Welfare State achievement. It is a way to reach citizen equality. But, on the other hand, the associative behavior frequently depends on economic and social factors (for example: social class and sex). In this research, we interviewed 3700 Spanish family units in precarious economic conditions. Results reveal that low class women are the inferior average group as regards knowledge, collaboration and act in the associations. This situation reflects a significant difference in the social public and private services access and in the process of integration into the community.

AU DELÀ DES MÉTHODES DE RECHERCHE SUR LA CULTURE POLITIQUE EN ROUMANIE

LORENA PĂVĂLAN STUPARU

Abstract. This article is a methodological approaches to political culture within the frame of the analysis entitled „Characteristics of political culture in Romania”, a recent research project completed for the Institute of Political Sciences and International Relations of the Romanian Academy. The author suggests a hypothesis on the political culture of inadequacy perceived as a “ mix”  political culture: a mélange of a political culture of the violence and a political culture of the tolerance, and, a political culture of the obedience (to historical and political imperatives) associated with a political culture of the opportunism, a “ minor”  culture, marked by major personalities.

THEORETICAL ASPECTS

REGARDING THE ROMANIAN INSTITUTIONAL CRISIS

                                                                                    VIORELLA MANOLACHE

                                                                                    HENRIETA ŞERBAN

Abstract. Our hypothesis launches the idea according to which the Romanian political institutions are engaged in certain transformation processes placed under the sign of the retro-institutionalization, as a characteristic of transition, phenomenon which, on the one hand, implies the general opposition to the institutionalization and, on the other hand, the pressure towards institutionalization. The diagnosis of this transitional syndrome provides evidence as to the obstructive regulative bureaucracy aggravated by legislative hesitations. Furthermore, such hesitations are accompanied by lack of any control mechanisms towards sustaining a correct institutional functioning.

POLITICAL CULTURE: FORMS OF MANIFESTATION

PRIVATE CORRESPONDENCE DURING THE COMMUNIST PERIOD.

ION D. SÎRBU, “LETTERS TO GRACIOUS GOD”

ANTONIO PATRAŞ

Abstract. Ion D. Sîrbu’s letters strike the reader’s eyes, as the sender is prone to drawing up balances, perhaps a sheer consequence of the “obsolete” feelings, turned into a real “backwardness” complex, when the comparison with generation fellows is in question. In their main features, Sîrbu’s letters breathe a tolerant attitude towards the addressees, even though among their opinions there is complete remoteness. The writer is convinced that “an authentic dialogue can be established anytime between divergent spirits” if they share the same ethical ideal. Originating from a left-ist family who nurtured him, by means of education, with the socialist ideals, Sîrbu was a left-wing intellectual who strongly disagreed with any kind of tyranny, either from the left or from the right side of the political spectrum.

KULTURPOLITIK UND ZENSUR ALS BEGLEITER DES LITERARISCHEN PHÄNOMENS IN RUMÄNIEN (1957 -1990)

DIE REZEPTION DEUTSCHSPRACHIGER LITERATUR IN DER ZEITSCHRIFT SECOLUL XX

                                                                                                            Maria Sass

Abstract.This study refers to a particular aspect of a literary phenomenon in Romania, namely the reception of foreign, especially German, literature during the period of communist dictatorship, through exemplification on the basis of the periodical “Secolul XX”, which is well-known both in Romania and abroad. The study relies on the research of the journal between 1957 and 1990 whereas the issues published between 1957 and 1960 were considered “specimen issues”. Neither the culture policy of the totalitarian period, nor the communist censorship period could be eluded, since they have not only influenced the reception of literature, but they have also played a decisive role in determining which authors and works were to be “imported” and presented. The censorship contributed to the installation of the “self-censorship” under the impact of fear as well for the writers who were publishing in the journal as for the translators and reviewers of literary works. Such phenomena led to the “mutilation” of many literary works, namely by cutting out passages which didn’t correspond to the socialist realism or which were considered to be “harmful” to the ideology of the multilateral developed society.

NEW ELITES:

THE ANTICULTURE OF THE ROMANIAN POLITICS

                                                                                                VIORELLA MANOLACHE

Abstract. The idea according to which communism, as a social-political ideology, manifested itself in the under-developed countries, in its Leninist-Bolshevist version (of socialist revolution), paradoxically, as the “weakest link of the chain”, becomes today more and more difficult to accept. As compared to the Western model, communism signified a type of accelerated development (with forced, quickened steps) and of modernization through the “dissolution of the intermediate steps” (which implied also a challenge to the social order itself and to the genesis of the social reality). Nowadays, the Romanian political “development”, seen as the parting of the ways against modernity, corresponds to a sort of ecumenism, which is rather a vague development, opened both to the Western values and to the present-day experiences.

CULTURE AND IDEOLOGY

L’EPOCA NEOLIBERALE: RIVOLUZIONE PASSIVA O CONTRORIFORMA?

CARLOS NELSON COUTINHO

Abstract. Today neoliberalism is in crisis and the neoliberal “unique way of thinking” is rejected with increasing facility. The cult of bourgeois democracy as a universal value, however, is still hegemonic, even among left-wingers. Reformist, but consistent, this study aims to resuscitate the Gramscian theory establishing an up-to-date, relevant and recuperating point of view.

THE POLITICAL SYSTEM AND CULTURE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION

                                                                                                            IRINA STOICA

Abstract. The political culture of the European Union attempts to make a complete picture out of the main wheels which turn the European “machine” – the EU government, its politics and its policies. A condition for the existence of a political system is that the outputs of the political system – the collective decisions of the institutional setting – have a real impact on the distribution of economic resources and allocation of social and political values in a society. That is the reason why the policies created the by-product of European institutions’ activities (executive, legislative and judicial) are important for analyzing the state of the European Union and questioning its political future.

IN FOCUS

L’HERMÉNEUTIQUE  DE   LA CONFIANCE  ET  L’HERMÉNEUTIQUE  DE  LA  SUSPICION

LORENA PĂVĂLAN STUPARU

Abstract .This paper (“The Hermeneutics of Trust and Distrust”) consists of a series of reflections regarding some possible heuristic results of the comparative approach relating Ricoeur’s hermeneutic orientation and Eliade’s hermeneutic and creative method of analyzing religious symbols. As the symbol, the text becomes accessible through a hermeneutical interpretation. Yet, hermeneutics as a rigorous approach, does not exclude the creative experience. Eliade both inherited and advocated the tradition of hermeneutics, advancing a hermeneutics applied to an object which is formed using other signs these included in a written text – the formula for a  “ hermeneutics of trust”: the trust in the existence of a meaning, even when this questionable. On the other hand, the “hermeneutics of distrust” (Paul Ricoeur) is either destructive or « creative » in a different order of meaning.

ABSTRACTS

ROMANIAN REVIEW OF POLITICAL SCIENCES…

No.2/2008

THE PARLIAMENT AND THE EXECUTIVE WITHIN THE FUNCTIONAL ASSEMBLY OF THE POLITICAL SYSTEM

ARISTIDE CIOABĂ

Abstract. The study analyzes the role and the scope of the tremendous effort of institutional reconstruction within the Romanian transition to democracy, with a special attention given to the Parliament and the Executive. The relationships among these two crucial democratic institutions are examined, within the Romanian constitutional frame. The place and the role of the Parliament and government within the democratic system in a process of consolidation are evaluated, an endeavor confronted with the complex transition from the old totalitarian regime to a democracy of liberal structure.

GENESIS OF THE PLURALIST PARTY SYSTEM AND THE DEMOCRATIZATION PROCESSES

CONSTANTIN NICA

Abstract. The study investigates the explanatory aspects concerning the genesis, evolution and characteristics of party pluralism in Romania after 1989. Starting from the collapse of the unique party system, the author analyzes the particularities of political pluralism in transition as well in the Central and Eastern Europe as in Romania. Thus, the rebirth of democracy in Romania is seen in close relationship with the reactivation of the pluralist party system within a transition towards the “open society”.

THE REFORM OF THE ROMANIAN ELECTORAL SYSTEM

BOGDAN POPESCU, CRISTIAN-ALEXANDRU LEAHU

Whether the electoral system will succed to produce a real reform of political class, whether it will make the act of gouverning efficient in Romania, are rather questions that only the electoral practice of several electoral cycles will provide an answer. In this respect, maybe it should be mentioned that countries with democratic tradition like Italy, for example, did not succeed so far to find a stable „solution” of an electoral system.

QUELQUES PARTICULARITES DE L’EVOLUTION DE LA CLASSE DIRIGEANTE EN ROUMANIE

LORENA PĂVĂLAN STUPARU

The study advanced a historical view of the Romanian rulling class. It is concentrated, first of all, on the main theoretical and political structures, on relations between them and the values that inspire and legitimate them. The rhythm, the duration and the content of the historical changes  as well as the political system degree of functionality and consolidation are the „barometers” which suggests answers regarding the situation of the Romanian political system, proposing another theoretical direction…

POST COMMUNIST RECOVERIES IN EASTERN EUROPE-

TYPICAL AND ATYPICAL FORMS OF POLITICAL ELITE

                                                                                             VIORELLA MANOLACHE

Abstract. The post-communist examples viewed as a typical Eastern-European form of getting out of communism, can be added to the idea of global transition to democracy, by emphasizing the technical solutions proposed for the economical, social and political difficulties occurred. The theory of the political capitalism launches a hypothesis according to which the communist anti elite has become the new economical bourgeoisie of the post communist society. The corpus of the post communist power is not a new class, nor an old one; it is formed of the ones who seek to accomplish a project of power. The intelligence, as a seemingly central piece of a post communist political puzzle has failed along with the techno bureaucratize, in her consolidation as a class which possesses and administrates the political capital.

GRAMSCI E I SUD DEL MONDO: TRA ORIENTE E OCCIDENTE

CARLOS NELSON COUTINHO

Abstract. Concepts like passive revolution, historic bloc, north and south, Orient vs. Occident are the pretext for this study to extend gramscian theory according it to the new concepts as peripheral Occident, rethinking, in fact,  the idea of democracy. The study proposes to develop new idea for moving beyond the limits of the consecrated theories about Antonio Gramsci.

THE POSTMODERN DIAGNOSIS OF A GENERATION:

GENERATION’80

                                                                                    GHEORGHE MANOLACHE

Abstract. The historiographical metafiction of the ’80s generation adopts the post-modern ideology of plurality and of accepting the difference. “The 80s generation textualism” was a “new ingredient”, a magma in which there were boiling at the same time “Wittgenstein’s tractatus logico-philosophicus”, the practise and the philosophy of the Tel-Quel, and also the personal achievements of theoretical linguistics and of semiology. The (provisory) conclusion is that Romanian postmodernism is (up to the end of 1989) mainly a cultural project in which the fiction writers, acting “fair play”, lure us (with their texts) to be their accomplices in the “obscure relation” between writing and reality!

THE ASIA-EUROPE MEETING (ASEM) PROCESS IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF INTERREGIONALISM

ZHU GUICHANG

Abstract. The Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM) was established in 1996 with the aim of strengthening political dialogue, economic cooperation, and social and cultural exchanges between Asia and Europe. Given its interregional nature, ASEM has been regarded as a kind of interregionalism or even “new interregionalism” and therefore has been studied from the theoretical perspective of interregionalism. Following this suit, this paper will explain and examine ASEM in the theoretical framework of interregionalism. This paper will not discuss the theoretical issues of interregionalism in detail but will draw some insights of interregionalism to make an assessment of the ASEM process.

ESSENCE DES SANCTION INTERNATIONALES

NARDJES FLICI

Abstract. Under the aegis of the UN and in the name of the international law, the states have the right, through the bodies of the UN in order to avoid all infringements, to inflict international sanctions against the states which do not abide by the laws of the international law and constitute a danger for the international peace, stability and security, but such practices are most frequently used by the most powerful states to impose their own rules and to protect their interests. Constituting a border between the diplomatic practices and the beginning of the hostilities, the international sanctions became a weapon of pressure, intimidation and punishment; while in fact these practices have been always present in the relationships among the states, yet, in different degrees, given that this phrase, “international sanctions”, had different evolving meanings in time that created a consensus ruling and formalizing the different forms of the international sanctions and their field of action. Within the UN, the UN Security Council is the guardian of the international peace and security, responsible for inflicting and applying international sanctions, with the possibility for the General Assembly or the International Court of Justice to intervene in precise but unforeseen cases.

CULTURAL DIPLOMACY AS SECURITY POLICY

L. JORA

Cultural diplomacy is a matter of mutual knowlege and communication, which is meant to create community of trust and understanding. It ,obviously, contributes to predictability, an important asset in international relations, particularly in the security area. However, the mutual knowledge of each other culture, does not, per se, create trust.

LA REFORMA POLÍTICA EN AMÉRICA LATINA EN LOS AÑOS 90

ESTUDIO DE CASO SOBRE URUGUAY Y BOLIVIA

RAZVAN PANTELIMON

               Abstract. The economic, social, cultural and political changes confirm that Latin America is experiencing the manifestation of region-wide perspectives. This article reviews by looking at the emergence of new political trends Latin American integration. Dealing with the combination of local and foreign efforts to influence government policy that may have the most impact on the design of new Latin American political standards, the article focuses on Uruguay and Bolivia as a political Cross-Country Review.
 
 

CONTENTS

NO.1/2008

POLITICAL CULTURE, ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE

Marta Gil Lacruz, Comportamento associativo in un campione di donne di condizione economica precaria…………………………………………………………………………………………………….1

Lorena Păvălan Stuparu, Au delà des méthodes de recherche sur la culture politique en Roumanie………………………………………………………………………………………14

Viorella Manolache, Henrieta  Şerban, Theoretical Aspects Regarding the Romanian Institutional Crisis……………………………………………………………………………………………20

POLITICAL CULTURE: FORMS OF MANIFESTATION

Antonio Patraş, Private Correspondence during the Communist Period. Ion D. Sîrbu, “Letters to Gracious God”…………………………………………………………………………………..29

Maria Sass,  Kulturpolitik und Zensur als Begleiter des literarischen Phänomens in Rumänien (1957 -1990). Die Rezeption deutschsprachiger Literatur in der Zeitschrift Secolul XX…………40

Viorella Manolache, New Elites: The Anticulture of the Romanian Politics………………….…48

CULTURE AND IDEOLOGY

Carlos Nelson Coutinho, L’epoca neoliberale: rivoluzione passiva o controriforma?………….54

Irina Stoica, The Political System and Culture of the European Union………………………….66

IN FOCUS

Lorena Păvălan Stuparu, L’herméneutique  de   la confiance  et  l’herméneutique  de  la  suspicion…………………………………………………………………………………………83

SCIENTIFIC LIFE………………………………………………………………………………95

BOOK REVIEWS………………………………………………………………………………104

THE REVIEW OF REVIEWS………………………………………………………………….123

AUTHORS……………………………………………………….……………………………..125

 CULTURE POLITIQUE,  CULTURE ORGANISATIONNELLE

SOMMAIRE

 CULTURE POLITIQUE, CULTURE ORGANISATIONNELLE

Marta Gil Lacruz, Le comportement associatif dans un échantillon de femmes de condition économique précaire…………………………………………………….……………………….1

Lorena Păvălan Stuparu, Au delà des méthodes de recherche sur la culture politique en Roumanie…………………………………………………………..…………………………….14

Viorella Manolache, Henrieta  Şerban, Aspects théoriques concernant la crise institutionnelle roumaine…………………………………………………………………….……………………20

LA CULTURE POLITIQUE: FORMES DE  MANIFESTATION

Antonio Patraş, Correspondance privée pendant la période communiste. Ion D. Sîrbu, “Lettres à Bon Dieu”……………………………………………………………………………..………..29

Maria Sass,  Culture politique et censure comme forme des phénomènes littéraires en Roumanie (1957 -1990). La réception de la littérature écrite en allemand dans  Secolul XX………….…40

Viorella Manolache, Les  nouvelles élites: l’anticulture de la politique roumaine……………..48

CULTURE ET IDÉOLOGIE

Carlos Nelson Coutinho, L’époque néolibérale: révolution passive ou contre-réforme ?…………54

Irina Stoica, Le système et la  culture politiques de l’Union Européenne ………………………66

EN ATTENTION

Lorena Păvălan Stuparu, L’herméneutique  de   la confiance  et  l’herméneutique  de  la  suspicion………………………………………………………………………………………..83

LA VIE SCIENTIFIQUE………………………………………………………………………95

COMPTES RENDUS………………………………………………………………………….104

REVUE DES REVUES………………………………………………………………………..123

AUTEURS……………………………………………………………………………………..125

ROMANIAN REVIEW OF POLITICAL SCIENCES AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

CONTENTS 2/ 2008

THE ROMANIAN POLITICAL SYSTEM

 Aristide Cioabă, THE PARLIAMENT AND THE EXECUTIVE WITHIN THE FUNCTIONAL ASSEMBLY OF THE POLITICAL SYSTEM

 Constantin Nica, GENESIS OF THE PLURALIST PARTY SYSTEM AND THE DEMOCRATIZATION PROCESSES

 Bogdan Popescu, Cristian-Alexandru Leahu, THE REFORM OF THE ROMANIAN ELECTORAL SYSTEM

 Lorena Păvălan Stuparu, QUELQUES PARTICULARITES DE L’EVOLUTION DE LA CLASSE DIRIGEANTE EN ROUMANIE

 Viorella Manolache, POST COMMUNIST RECOVERIES IN EASTERN EUROPE-TYPICAL AND ATYPICAL FORMS OF POLITICAL ELITE

 POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY

Carlos Nelson Cutihno, GRAMSCI E I SUD DEL MONDO: TRA ORIENTE E OCCIDENTE

 Gheorghe Manolache, THE POSTMODERN DIAGNOSIS OF A GENERATION: GENERATION’80

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

Zhu Guichang, THE ASIA-EUROPE MEETING (ASEM) PROCESS IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF INTERREGIONALISM

 Nardjes Flici, ESSENCE DES SANCTION INTERNATIONALES

 L. Jora, CULTURAL DIPLOMACY AS SECURITY POLICY

 R. Pantelimon, LA REFORMA POLÍTICA EN AMÉRICA LATINA EN LOS AÑOS 90. ESTUDIO DE CASO SOBRE URUGUAY Y BOLIVIA

  SCIENTIFC LIFE

 BOOK REVIEWS

 REVIEW OF REVIEWS

NO. 2/2007

ABSTRACTS

GLOBALISM AND CULTURAL IDENTITY

JAMAL EDDINE BENHAYOUN

Abstract. This new context of globalism and internationalism has made the question of space more pressing today than ever before. Identity is no longer the privileged and most appropriate site for posing the question of culture. Throughout history, the world has been mapped and remapped ad infinitum. Obviously, these “worlds” complicate our perceptions of the world and remind us of the cultural, imaginative, and ideological foundations upon which are based all the descriptions that claim to be at a relational position with the world.

THE ROMANIAN DIPLOMACY DOWN ON ITS KNEES

DANIELA IONESCU

Abstract. After 1990 Romania behaved on the international arena in a way, which in my opinion is unique among its fellow European countries. This behavior has much to do with its self-perception. The scope of this paper is to single out this strange mentality and to evaluate its consequences on the national interests. In order to exemplify this assumption I chose        to focus on some aspects of the Romania-EU relationship: the Accession Agreements; the Association Treaty (with a focus due to its importance on the Common Agricultural Policy); on some aspects during the negotiations for the Justice and Home Affairs chapter and on the affair of the Romanian Commissioner.

THE DECISION POWER

WITHIN THE EUROPEAN UNION INSTITUTIONS

LUCIAN JORA

Abstract. Relatively little data are known about the exact division of power of the European Commission in legislative affairs apart from case studies. This paper presents analyses of qualitative and quantitative data to estimate how powerful some experts consider the Commission to be and to see how influential it actually is.

LA DÉMOCRATIE ET LES DÉFIS

DU MONDE CONTEMPORAIN

ADELA DELIU

Abstract. The study proposes an analysis of the perspectives of development and consolidation of democracy, within the context of quick transformations marking contemporary world. It concerns especially the recent challanges, underlining the fact that democracy should adapt and redefine itself continuously in order to overcome its own limits.

AXEL HONNETH: HINWEISE AUF DIE KRITIK DER MACHT

VIORELLA MANOLACHE

Abstract. The hypothesis on which Axel Honneth’s study, Kritik der Macht. Reflexionsstufen einer kritischen Gesellschaftstheorie, is built restricts to the fact that one should make public a series of invariants of political and sociological aspects identified with the concept of power. Following the route of anthropological philosophy, Axel Honneth’s study focuses on social-political and moral philosophy, especially on the relationships dominated by power, recognition, and respect. Beginning with Adorno or Horkheimer and ending with Habermas or Foucault’s theories, for Honneth, the unfolding of social and moral political perspectives requires to be de-centered in conformity with the de-centering of the world understanding. In such analytical context, Honneth’s critical adaptation of these philosophical and social perspectives is the basis of a dynamical critical social theory, which attempts to remedy the deficits of previous critical and theoretical approaches.

IN MEMORIAM RICHARD RORTY (1931–2007)

PRAGMATISM AND IRONISM

AS THE RORTIAN CONTRIBUTION

TO THE PROBLEMATIC OF POLITICAL POWER

HENRIETA SERBAN

Abstract. The author approaches the Rortian problematic of political power. It is an attempt to recapture it in a correlation with the perspectives Rorty opened on ironism and pragmatism, describing a particular type of pluralism. At the same time, his vision represents, a soft vision of political power, interpreted so that it emphasizes the importance that Rorty gives to the ironist individual and to solidarity within the contemporary democratic society. Also, the author underlines that the Rortian vision of political power is a postmodern development on the power of the individual, seen in a Foucaultian perspective.

THE CONCEPT OF “HEGEMONY”

WITHIN CONTEMPORARY DEBATES

GHEORGHE LENCAN STOICA

Abstract. The study approaches the present debates concerning the concept of hegemony as well as the search of the appropriate definition for the present connotation of hegemony. Within the contemporary political thought  two understandings of the concept are emphasized: hegemony as dictatorship, force or coercion and hegemony as democracy. The former is followed with theoreticians as Dahl, Chomsky, Negri and Hardt, etc., and the latter — introduced by Antonio Gramsci — at Cornel West, Ralph Miliband, Robert Cox, Edward Said, etc.

POWER AND SENTIMENTS

INTRODUCTION TO A RESEARCH

ABOUT THE POWER OF NOSTALGIA

ANA BAZAC

Abstract. The paper starts by dotting the place of  sentiments in Aristotle, Descartes and Machiavelli, three great representatives of the Western thinking. In the pre-modern era, the practical philosophy was rather normative than functionalist, so the rational characteristics of the political management was more important than the discussion about the means of the social influence, thus the control of sentiments. In the second part are shown the changes made by the French post-structuralism in the conception of power. The third part reviews the birth of a modern feeling, nostalgia, as well as its involvement in the process of political change.

CATEGORIES OF THE LEGITIMATE POWER (I)

GABRIELA TÃNÃSESCU

Abstract. This paper aims to specify some meritorious renewals in the approach to the legitimacy and legitimating power. As such, it comprises the situation of the legitimacy in the present research of the political power, in comparison with its place within the chief modern contributions to the conceptual founding of the theme. It involves the present analytical categories of legitimacy in the way they appear in the last decades in some referential sociological and political works.

IL CONCETTO DI POLITICA NEI

QUADERNI DEL CARCERE

CARLOS NELSON COUTINHO

Abstract. Concepts like globalization and historic bloc, north and south, Orient vs. Occident, have been consistently distorted. In order to rediscover Antonio Gramsci, this study extend the discussion about the state, rethinking the idea of democracy. In the case of the theory of democracy, Gramsci was able to articulate his insights by engaging not only with the work of Marx and Lenin but also with the nonliberal contributions of Rousseau and Hegel, developing new ideas to move beyond the limits and aporias of their work.

POWER INTEREST GROUPS AND POLICY-MAKING

IN THE EUROPEAN UNION — THE CASE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

AND PHARMACEUTICAL BUSINESS INTEREST ASSOCIATIONS

IRINA STOICA

Abstract. The extent to which interest intermediation has triggered off the process of European integration still divides theorists; what is even more uncertain is the extension of their influences in day to day European policy and decision making. The matter under concern here is the extent to which interest intermediation generates new styles of politics and policy-making or builds up new patterns of interaction between civil society and supranational organizations. How much do business interests matter to the process of integration and how do they relate to other type of interests currently acting in the EU arena, particularly to public interests? Is their impact upon integration only confined to areas of ‘low’, sectoral politics? I have chosen to treat here two apparently similar policies, biotechnology and pharmaceuticals, but utterly different in what regards their outcomes, resources and modes of action. Are these two types of interests already granted a certain privilege when coming to influence legal drafting and decision making procedures in the EU? If so, why? Which are their preferred channels when exerting influence at the EU level? I mainly use the concepts of risk, uncertainty, lack of direct causal link as explanatory variables used in biotechnology policy formulation (i.e., present in the early phases of biotech policy-making) and concepts such as policy networks, transaction costs, embeddedness, high membership densities or collective action problems to help explaining patterns of public and private interest articulation.

ABSTRACTS

 ROMANIAN REVIEW OF POLITICAL SCIENCES…

NO.1-2007

Das Demokratische Forum der Deutschen (DFDR)

als Vertretung der deutschen Minderheit

im postkommunistischen Rumänien 1989–2004

Josef Karl

Abstract. The study explores the Romanian political scene after 1989. He investigates the role of the Democratic Front of the German People in Romania (F.D.G.R./DFDR) and the inter-party relations within the democratic Romania. The historical approach is complemented by political interpretations.

Ortega y Gasset and the Idea of Nation

Cristi Pantelimon

Abstract. There are two fundamental aspects to be considered for the understanding of this notion, that is, the essence of a nation: first, the general principle of organizing the nation or the formal principle of its existence (the Idea) and second, the subordinate character of the fate of the individuals in relationship with this Idea. The nation is not positively defined by a series of specific characteristics, it is not about the common language, or about the common past or other conclusive qualities as such, but it is about a Form that determines the individuals composing it to belong to it, entertaining at the same time a conscience of belonging.

The Imagining of National Spaces

in Interwar Romania.

The Emergence of Geopolitics

Călin Cotoi

Abstract. The author concentrates mainlyon the interwar period since I believe that during this period a certain paradigm shift took place, or, in any case, an important mutation in the cultural mechanisms of national identity reproduction. Between the two world wars, the scientific discourses on the topic of the nation-state and national space(s) became more important, providing a complementary, or even, sometimes, alternative, way of spelling the nature of the nation (taken as a “natural” thing) compared to the historiographic ways of interpreting the nation.

KANT ET RAWLS: REMARQUES SUR L’EVOLUTION

DES THÉORIES IDÉALES CONCERNANT

LES RELATIONS INTERNATIONALES

Ana BAZAC

Abstract. The aim of the paper is to counter-pose Kant’s and Rawls’ ideal theories concerning the international relations, just because the later expressed and insisted on the Kantian origin of his neo-liberal view on the present world history. FREEDOM AS

PROJECTION OF REASON IN SPINOZA

Gabriela Tãnãsescu

Abstract. The paradoxical concept of the free necessity, central in Spinoza`s theory of freedom, is sketched by spinozian ontological argument and by the implications of his theory of rational knowledge. The paper focuses on the individuality of Spinoza`s radical rationalist paradigm and on his agument of holist inspiration.

“Nature” and “Reason” in Leviathan

Henrieta Anisoara Şerban

Abstract. The thoughts of man are representations of objects, qualities, or events that are in a continuous movement, factors of incertitude and anxiety.For Hobbes, the man is a rational, but not reasonable creature of nature and we speak of man’s reason in relation to a universe of the individual, one marked both by passions and reason.

MACHIAVELLI ON GROWTH AS AN END

William J. Connell

Abstract. In Machiavelli’s view it was a mistake for a republic to subject its neighbors and become a limited territorial state. Far from a prophet of the unitary territorial state, our examination of Machiavelli’s ideas on empire, the treatment of subject tertitories, and the problem of civic discord reveals him as what he in fact claimed to be at the outset of the Discourses: a writer who sought in the history of Rome’s growth a new and “untrodden” path for solving and moving beyond the problems of what today we call his historical “context.”

THE MINORITIES OF ESTONIA AND THEIR STATUS

Yves PLASSERAUD

Abstract.  The Republic of Estonia is frequently mentioned critically in the Western press with reference to its treatment of non-citizens. At the same time, specialized publications praise Tallinn for its excellent and generous law on minorities.  What can be the origin of such an apparent contradiction? To understand the situation, let us first of all to examine the minority communities of Estonia.

Historical knowledge of Europe and the European dimension

Lucian Jora

Abstract The idea of a Europe  is basically untraceable, not because it does not exist or is indefinable but because it exists in a form that makes it hard to pin down on account of a large number of contradictions that prevent our finding a logic on which to base a definition. That is also why the best way of approaching Europe is not to try to find out about some dispiritingly complex object, but to identify the values that allow us to keep under constant review all the attempts to come to terms with it. Europe is primarily perceived in terms of its diversity, and to live that diversity it quickly became indispensable to identify similarities, as when detailed comparisons of education and training systems reveal identical or very similar concerns despite greatly contrasting administrative and teaching arrangements.

A FORM OF RE-ACTIVATING THE POLITICAL FREEDOM — MASS-MEDIA

(Theoretical aspects of a Postmodern Simulacrum)

Viorella Manolache

Abstract. For more than fifteen years since we (re)conquered the freedom of expression, a reality of a different kind established itself within the Romanian space: a system of indexes, emblems, constituents of a typical language which asks for solving out, first and foremost politically speaking,  the terms of the polis. These terms are clear of haphazard dross, conjugated and anchored in a background level, where we refine ourselves as carriers and victims of discourse.

VOL.  IV                                                       No. 1     2007

CONTENTS

            ROMANIAN POLITICS

JOSEF KARL, Das Demokratische Forum der Deutschen (DFDR) als Vertretung       der deutschen Minderheit im postkommunistischen Rumänien 1989–2004

            THE EUROPE OF NATIONS

CRISTI PANTELIMON, Ortega y Gasset and the Idea of Nation       

CÃLIN COTOI, The Imagining of National Spaces in Interwar Romania.                                 The Emergence of Geopolitics      

            THE HISTORY OF POLITICAL THOUGHT

ANA BAZAC, Kant et Rawls: remarques sur l’évolution des théories idéales                                        concernant les relations internationales

GABRIELA TÃNÃSESCU, Freedom as Projection of Reason in Spinoza       

HENRIETA ANISOARA SERBAN, “Nature” and “Reason” in the Leviathan 

WILLIAM J. CONNELL, Machiavelli on Growth as an End   

            INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

YVES PLASSERAUD, The Minorities of Estonia and Their Status      

LUCIAN JORA, Historical Knowledge of Europe and the European Dimension

            IN FOCUS

VIORELLA MANOLACHE, A Form of Re-activating the Political Freedom                                       — Mass-media (Theoretical Aspects of a Postmodern Simulacrum)

ISPRI’s ACADEMIC LIFE

BOOK REVIEWS      

THE REVIEW OF REVIEWS

THE AUTHORS         

REVIEW ROUMAINE DE SCIENCES POLITIQUES ET RELATIONS INTERNATIONALES

No 1    2007

SOMMAIRE

POLITIQUE ROUMAINE

JOSEF KARL, Das Demokratische Forum der Deutschen (DFDR) als Vertretung                                            der deutschen Minderheit im postkommunistischen Rumanien 1989–2004   

L’EUROPE DES NATIONS

CRISTI PANTELIMON, Ortega y Gasset et l’idée de nation  

CÃLIN COTOI, Imaginer les espaces nationaux à l’époque de l’entre-deux-guerres                             en Roumanie. L’émergence de la Géopolitique

HISTOIRE DE LA PENSÉE POLITIQUE

ANA BAZAC, Kant et Rawles: remarques sur l’evolution des theories ideals                            concernant les relations internationals    

HENRIETA ANISOARA SERBAN, “Nature” et “Raison” dans le Léviathan  

GABRIELA TÃNÃSESCU, La liberté en tant que projection de la raison chez                                     Spinoza           

WILLIAM J. CONNELL, Machiavel — de la croissance en tant que fin          

RELATIONS INTERNATIONALES

YVES PLASSERAUD, Les minorités de l’Estonie et leur statut           

LUCIAN JORA, Connaissance historique de l’Europe 

IN FOCUS

VIORELLA MANOLACHE, Une manière de re-activer la liberté politique                                          — les mass media (Aspects théoriques du Simulacre Postmoderne)          

VIE ACADÉMIQUE

COMPTES RENDUS

REVUE DES REVUES           

AUTEURS      

• ROMANIAN REVIEW OF POLITICAL SCIENCES AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

VOL.  IV                                                       No. 2     2007

ON POWER

CONTENTS

            SOFT POWER

Jamal Eddine Benhayoun, Globalism and Cultural Identity         

Daniela Ionescu, The Romanian Diplomacy       Down on Its Knees

Lucian Jora, The Decision Power within the European Union Institutions

Adela Deliu, La démocratie et les défis du monde contemporain           

GRASSROOTS POWER

Viorella Manolache, Axel Honneth: Hinweise auf die Kritik der Macht

Henrieta Anisoara Serban, Pragmatism and Ironism as the Rortian                                 Contribution to the Problematic of Political Power

POLITICAL POWER

Gheorghe Lencan Stoica, The Concept of “Hegemony” within                           Contemporary Debates

Ana Bazac, Power and Sentiments. Introduction to a Research about the                       Power of Nostalgia      

Gabriela Tãnãsescu, Categories of the Legitimate Power (I)      

CARLOS NELSON COUTINHO, Il concetto di politica nei Quaderni del  carcere     

POWER INFLUENCE, POWER ACTION

Irina Stoica, Power Interest Groups and Policy-making in the European                         Union — The Case of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Business Interest                  Associations    

SCIENTIFIC LIFE     

BOOK REVIEWS      

REVIEW OF REVIEWS        

THE AUTHORS         

REVIEW ROUMAINE DE SCIENCES POLITIQUES ET RELATIONS INTERNATIONALES

VOL.  IV                                                       No. 2     2007

DU POUVOIR

SOMMAIRE

DU POUVOIR SOFT

Jamal Eddine Benhayoun, Mondialisation et indentité culturelle  

Daniela Ionescu, La diplomatie roumaine en défaite      

Lucian Jora, The Decision Power within the European Union Institutions           

Adela Deliu, La démocratie et les défis du monde contemporain           

LE POUVOIR DES GRASSROOTS

Viorella Manolache, Axel Honneth: une référence à la critique du           pouvoir

Henrieta Anisoara Serban, “Pragmatisme” et “ironisme” comme                                                 contributions rortyennes à la problématique du pouvoir politique       

DU POUVOIR POLITIQUE

Gheorghe Lencan Stoica, Le concept d’«hégémonie» dans les débats                                       contemporains 

Ana Bazac, Pouvoir et sentiments. Introduction à une recherche sur le pouvoir              de la nostalgie  

Gabriela Tanasescu, Les catégories du pouvoir légitime (I)        

Carlos Nelson Coutinho, Il concetto di politica nei Quaderni del  carcere          

L’INFLUENCE DU POUVOIR, L’ACTION DU POUVOIR

Irina Stoica, La puissance des groupes d’intérêts et l’élaboration des politiques                                       au sein de l’Union Européenne — le cas du biotechnologie et d’associations                                  d’intérêts dans affaires pharmaceutiques            

VIE ACADÉMIQUE  

COMPTES RENDUS

REVUE DES REVUES           

AUTEURS

VOL.  III    No. 1        2006

CONTENTS

            POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY

PATRICIO BRICKLE, Heidegger and Zubiri: A New Foundation for Politology

ERIC GILDER, the  Unique Role of “Constructive Alternativism” in the Creation               of Philosophical Knowledge

ADELA DELIU, International Relations and the Present Ethics of Power

ANDRÉ TOSEL, The Globalization as Philosophical Object

            POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

HENRIETA ANIªOARA ªERBAN, The Educated Women in the Public Eye

RODICA IAMANDI, The “Cult of Personality”      

            INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND EUROPEAN STUDIES

DANIELA IONESCU, Romania and the Common Agricultural Policy

ZHU GUICHANG, A Comparasion of the European Model and the Policy                   ASEAN Way: Is there a third way of regionalism for the East Asian                         cooperation?   

LUCIAN JORA, The History and the Policy of Reconciliation

ANA BAZAC,  The Russian Energy and Europe. Perspectives

STANISLAV SECRIERU, Russia’s Foreign Policy under Putin: “The CIS Project”           Renewed

ISPRI’s ACADEMIC LIFE

BOOK REVIEWS

THE REVIEW of REVIEWS

REVUE ROUMAINE DE SCIENCES POLITIQUES ET RELATIONS INTERNATIONALES

TOME  III                                                      No. 1    2006

SOMMAIRE

            PHILOSOPHIE POLITIQUE

PATRICIO BRICKLE, Heidegger et Zubiri: une nouvelle institution pour la                      politologie

ERIC GILDER, l’“Alternativisme Constructif” dans la création de la conaissance                philosophique

ADELA DELIU, Les relations internationales et l’éthique actuelle du pouvoir

ANDRÉ TOSEL, La mondialisation comme object philosophique?

            SOCIOLOGIE POLITIQUE

HENRIETA ANIªOARA ªERBAN, Les femmes bien élevé dans la perception                 publique

RODICA IAMANDI, “Le cult de la personalité” dans la Roumanie

            RELATIONS INTERNATIONALES ET ÉTUDES EUROPÉEN

DANIELA IONESCU, La Roumanie et la Politique Agricole Commune

ZHU GUICHANG, Une comparasion du modèle européen et du voie ASEAN.

LUCIAN JORA, L’histoire et la politique de la reconciliation

ANA BAZAC, L’energie (russe), l’Europe et les perspectives

STANISLAV SECRIERU, La politique étrangère du Russie sous Putin:

            le “projet CIS”

LA VIE ACADEMIQUE DE L’ISPRI

NOTES DE LECTURE

EVENEMENTS ACADEMIQUES

• ROMANIAN REVIEW OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

VOL.  III                 No. 2       2006

CONTENTS

            MASS MEDIA AND DEMOCRACY 

NICO CARPENTIER, Introduction

NICOLAE PERPELEA, Loose Social Sentiments: “Struggles” for a Moral                                                                     Recognition in Political Talk Shows

LORENA PÃVÃLAN, Events, Journalism, Epiphanies

HENRIETA ªERBAN, Noise versus Dialogue. Investigating the Representation                            Dimension in the Context of the Romanian Media in December 1989 and                               January 1990

ANA BAZAC, Ownership and Values. The Limits of the Democratic Media.                     An Analysis of the Main Romanian Written Media

            IN FOCUS

HENRIETA ªERBAN, “Reading All About It”. Front Page. Celebrating 100 Years           of the British Newspaper 1906–2006

BOOK REVIEWS

ISPRI’s ACADEMIC LIFE

THE REVIEW of REVIEWS

REVUE ROUMAINE DE SCIENCES POLITIQUES ET RELATIONS INTERNATIONALES

TOME  III                                                       No 2    2006

SOMMAIRE

            MÉDIA ET DÉMOCRATIE 

NICO CARPENTIER, Introduction

NICOLAE PERPELEA, Légers sentiments sociaux: «batailles» pour la                               reconnaissance morale dans les talk-shows politiques

LORENA PÃVÃLAN, Evénements, journalisme, épiphanies

HENRIETA ªERBAN, Bruit versus dialogue. Investigations sur la dimension de                            la répresentation dans le contexte des médias roumains en décembre 1989 et                           janvier 1990

ANA BAZAC, Possession et valeurs. Limitations de la presse démocratique. Une               analyse des principaux journaux roumains

            en attention

HENRIETA ªERBAN, «Lire tout sur ça». La une. 100 ans de presse britanique.                1906–2006

NOTES DE LECTURE

LA VIE ACADÉMIQUE DE L’ISPRI

ÉVENÉMENTS ACADÉMIQUES